highschool/Grade 9/Music.md

Music Review Sheet!

Intervals

How to determine an interval

1. Size matters
   • Count the number of lines and spaces between and including the ones that the 2 pitches are on (+2)
   • Do not count them as the enharmonic equivalent, a C flat is a C flat, NOT a B
2. Construct Table

   • Size	Number of Semitones
     P 1	0
     M 2	2
     M 3	4
     P 4	5
     P 5	7
     M 6	9
     M 7	11
     P 8	12

   • Remember: P, M, M, P, P, M, M, P
   • Remember: 0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12
3. Construct Keyboard
   • Tone, Tone Semitone, Tone, Tone, Tone semitone
   • Chop sticks
   • Foot ball posts
4. Put 2 pitches on the correct notes on the key board
   • put the pitches correct / corresponding to the key
5. Count the number of semitones
   • Counting from one semitone to the other counts as ONE semitone
   • Example: C to C# is ONE semitone
6. Find Quailty and Quantity of Interval
   • Look to your table and see what is interval matching the correct number of semitones and size
   • Example: An interval with the size of 5 and 7 semitones is a Perfect 5th

How to construct an interval

1. First count the size of the interval to find the note
2. Then count the correct number of semitones from the base note to find the pitch of the note

• Example:
• G is the base note, constuct a major 2
  • Count for 2 notes, you get A
  • Count 2 semitones from G
  • G -> G# (1 semitone), G# -> A (2 semitones)
  • A is the correct answer

Rhythms

Go to this link for more information and practice

Remember: The Grand Staff Lines are counter from the bottom to top

Treble Clef

• F A C E
• 
• E G B D F
• 

Bass Clef

• G B D F A
• 
• A C E G
• 

• The G Clef is The Treble Clef
• The F Clef is the Bass Clef

Ledger Lines

• Only there to suppor the note
• Do not write it above the note
• Is to extend outside of the grand staff

Notes

Measure, Bar Line and Double Bar Line

• Music is divided into equal parts by BAR LINES
• The area between two barlines are called a MEASURE or a BAR
• A DOUBLE BAR LINE is written at the end of a piece of music
  • Its made up of one thin and one thick line
  • The thick line is always on the outside
  • On a grand Staff, the double bar line passes through the entire staff
• When dividing barlines, be sure to divided evenly

Unit 3

Time Signature and Note Values

• The UPPER number tells how many beats (or counts) are in each measure.
• The LOWER number indicates what type of note receives 1 beat

Whole Half and Quater Rests

• Remember: Bat, Hat, Squigly
• Remember: If an entire bar/measure is rest, then mark it with a WHOLE rest, doesn’t matter what time signature it is
• 

Ties and Slurs

• Tie joins two notes of the same pitch
• The tied note’s value is added to the value of the first note
• The tie should always be written on the opposite side from the note stems

Unit 4

Repeat Signs and Second Endings

• Two dots placed before the double bar indicates a repeat sign it means to go back to the beginning ## First and Second endings -It means after repeating from the end of the first ending, skip the first ending and go the second ending

Eigth Notes

• When you add a flag to the stem of a quarter note, it becomes EIGHTH NOTE
• They are 1/2 of a quarter note
• An even number of eight notes can be grouped together with something called a beam

Eigth Rest

• Its equal to half the value of a quarter rest

Dotted notes - a Dot represents a value of half of its original beat - Example: A dotted quarted note is 1.5 beats

Unit 5

Dyanmic Signs

Italian	Sign	English
Piano		soft
Forte		loud
Mezzo Piano		moderately soft
Mezzo Forte		moderately loud
Pianissimo		very soft
Fortissimo		very loud

Italian	Sign	English
crescendo or cresc		gradually louder
diminuendo or dim. or decrescendo or decresc		gradually softer

Tempo Marks

Italian	English
Largo	Very slow
Adagio	Slow
Andante	Moving along (walking speed)
Moderato	Moderately
Allegro	Quickly, cheerfully
Vivace	Lively and Fast

|Italian|Term|English| |ritardando|ritard. or rit.|gradually slower| |accerlerando|accel|gradually faster|

Articulation

Italian	Symbol	English
staccato		play the note short and detached. The italian word means “detached”.
accent		Play the note louder, with a special emphasis
sforzando		A sudden, strong accent. The italian word mean “forcing”.
tenuto		Hold the note for its full value. The italian word means “held”.
fermata		Hold the note longer than its normal value (approximately twice the normal duration)

Unit 6

Flats

• One semitone lower than the current note
• Remember, C flat is not the same thing as B

Sharps

• One semitone higher than the current note
• Remember, E sharp is not the same thing as F

Naturals

• If the note was a sharp or a flat, cancel it out
• C# –> C, Db –> D

History